1. Selection of maize varieties
Dryland maize in the process of seed selection should choose those early varieties with well-developed root systems, strong water absorption capacity, high drought resistance, high flexibility of stems and leaves, and low water requirements, these varieties in the process of growth can well complete the whole process of plant growth, and can obtain a high yield.
2. Land preparation requirements
Corn in the planting process, the requirements of the soil are not very high, can be planted in a variety of types of soil, but corn in the planting process, the depth of the soil layer, soil structure, the degree of nutrition of the soil and the timely delivery of breathable soil is conducive to the healthy growth of maize, therefore, in the dryland maize cultivation management process, the soil must be deep plowing and deep tilling, as much as possible to thicken the soil layer, more organic fertilizer to improve the soil It is also important to improve the water storage capacity of the soil to be able to guarantee the various moisture and water supply capacities needed for corn growth. During the land preparation process, the water storage content of the soil must be increased to ensure soil moisture to the maximum extent possible and to increase the fertility of the soil using limited water sources to improve corn yields. To improve production conditions, efforts should be made to expand the area under irrigation to enhance corn's ability to withstand disasters and, where conditions permit, to build cisterns to store water in the rainy season and irrigate in time for the dry season.3. Sowing techniques
(1) Sowing with sufficient moisture
In the sowing process, dryland corn should be sown according to the weather, promptly while the moisture is available, to ensure that sufficient moisture is sown to ensure the number of seedlings. For places where it is possible, you can use a drought-resistant agent to mix the seeds before sowing to improve the emergence rate of corn and promote timely sprouting, which will help to achieve the purpose of seedling emergence.
(2) Reasonably dense planting
For a long time, one of the main reasons for the low yield of dryland corn is the high density of planting, which leads to low yield. Therefore, during the planting process, the density of planting should be increased appropriately to establish a reasonable density structure, which is an important link to achieving a high yield of dryland maize. For dryland cultivation techniques, the planting method and planting density should be wide and narrow, i.e. the width of the wide rows is around 2000px, while the width of the narrow rows is around 1125px. The distance between rows and plants is about 750px, and the number of maize planted per mu is about 3500-3600. This planting method can not only achieve reasonable dense planting, but also facilitate field management, and at the same time increase the light intensity in the field, which can promote the healthy growth of corn and ensure sufficient grain filling, to improve the yield of corn.
4. Field management
(1) Set the seedlings for the first time after the maize has grown to 3-4 leaves to avoid overcrowding and competition for fertilizer and sunlight during this period.
(2) Increase the frequency of mid-tillage appropriately to prevent water from evaporating too quickly. In addition, weeds should be removed from the field in time to reduce the absorption of soil moisture.
(3) Carry out scientific fertilizer management, following the growth of corn, in stages. Under existing conditions, apply 2,000 kg of organic fertilizer during the seedling stage of maize growth, and during the period from nodulation to the trumpeting stage, take advantage of the rain to apply compound fertilizer in a trench 125 px away from the corn plants and cover the soil to improve the corn's resistance to drought; finally, mulch the ground to improve the moisture content. Cover the maize ground with the corresponding wheat straw etc. to reduce excessive evaporation of moisture from the ground, increase soil moisture, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increase the yield of maize.
5. Control of pests and diseases
(1) Corn borerMaize borer outbreaks may cause corn blossom and leaf, bore stalks, and damage female and male ears. The main control measure is to control the borer at the end of the heart leaves with a 1.5% concentration of captan formulation at a rate of 2 kg per acre, and also by spraying with a concentration of 50% captan emulsion at 1000 times, filling the heart leaves well with the liquid.
(2) Corn blotch
Corn spot disease mainly occurs in the late stage of growth of maize, and its damage is mainly on the leaves of maize, the spots are large and few, in serious cases, the leaves of corn in the field can all be withered. In contrast, corn small spot disease occurs mainly throughout the corn growth cycle, mainly affecting leaves, leaf sheaths, and bracts. The main control measures are to remove the lesions in time at the early stage of the disease and to spray a mixture of control with a concentration size of 500 times 70% dextran manganese zinc wettable powder and a concentration size of 500 times 70% methyltobucin.
